中国对卫星下手 美日准备开展防御工作“新京澳门葡萄城”

As China Stalks Satellites, U.S. and JapanPrepare to Defend Them中国对卫星杀掉，美日打算积极开展保卫工作In May 2013 the Chinese governmentconducted what it called a science space mission from the Xichang SatelliteLaunch Center in southwest China. Half a world away, Brian Weeden, a formerU.S. Air Force officer, wasn’t buying it. The liftoff took place at night andemployed a powerful rocket as well as a truck-based launch vehicle—all quiteunusual for a science project, he says.在2013年5月，中国政府在西南部的西昌卫星发射中心积极开展了一项科学空间任务。但在半个地球以外的前美国空军官员布莱恩维顿并不买账。升空时间选在晚上，用于的是强劲发动机的火箭，而且发射装置是卡车式的——在他显然，对于一个科学项目来说，这变得异乎寻常。In a subsequent report for the Secure World Foundation, the space policy thinktank where he works, Weeden concluded that the Chinese launch was more likely atest of a mobile rocket booster for an antisatellite (ASAT) weapon that couldreach targets in geostationary orbit about 22,236 miles above the equator.Thats the stomping grounds of expensive U.S. spacecraft that monitorbattlefield movements, detect heat from the early stages of missile launches,and help orchestrate drone fleets. This is the stuff the U.S. really cares about,Weeden says.接下来，他给安全世界基金会（一个空间政策智库，也是他的工作所在地）写出了一份报告，他总结道中国的这次升空更加看起来对用作升空反卫星武器的移动火箭助推器的测试。

反卫星武器可毁坏赤道海面22236英里低的地球惯性轨道上的目标。而正是在这个轨道上美国部署着便宜的航天器，这些航天器监控着战场的活动，观测导弹升空初期所释放出来的热量，以及借以协商无人机行动。“所以这正是美国确实担忧的东西，”他说道。

The Pentagon never commented in detail on last year’s launch—and the Chinesehave stuck to their story. U.S. and Japanese analysts say China has the mostaggressive satellite attack program in the world. It has staged at least sixASAT missile tests over the past nine years, including the destruction of adefunct Chinese weather satellite in 2007. Its part of a Chinese bid forhegemony, which is not just about controlling the oceans but airspace and, asan extension of that, outer space, says Minoru Terada, deputysecretary-general of Japan’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party.对于中国去年的这次升空，五角大楼从没公开发表过多的观点——中国坚决自己的观点。美国和日本的分析家说道中国享有世界上最不具侵略性的卫星攻击项目。过去九年以来，中国最少展开了6次反卫星武器测试，还包括在2007年毁坏了一个不行的中国气象卫星。

“这是中国企图沦为霸权国家的一部分内容，不仅企图掌控海洋，还包括天空，以及外太空，”日本自民党的副秘书长寺田农说。Besides testing missiles that can intercept and destroy satellites, the Chinesehave developed jamming techniques to disrupt satellite communications. Inaddition, says Lance Gatling, president of Nexial Research, an aerospaceconsultant in Tokyo, the Chinese have studied ground-based lasers that couldtake down a satellite’s solar panels, and satellites equipped with grapplingarms that could co-orbit and then disable expensive U.S. hardware.除了测试可求救和毁坏卫星的导弹外，中国人还研发阻碍技术来妨碍卫星通信。

此外，东京航天咨询机构Nexial Research的主席Lance Gatling称之为中国人早已在研究陆基激光武器借以击毁卫星的太阳能板，而且还在研发一种装备有抓钩手臂的卫星，该种卫星可绕轨道运营，利用手臂中断美国便宜的卫星设备。To defend themselves against China, the U.S. and Japan are in the early stagesof integrating their space programs as part of negotiations to update theirdefense policy guidelines. In May, Washington and Tokyo discussed ways tocoordinate their GPS systems to better track what’s going on in space and onthe oceans. A recent Japanese cabinet decision eased long-standing limits onthe military forces’ ability to come to the aid of allies under attack.为了免受中国毒手，美国和日本目前早已开始统合空间计划，以作为提高防御政策准则的一部分协商内容。在5月份，美日两国辩论如何协商他们的GPS系统以更佳的监控空间和海洋。日本内阁最近限制了日本军队的容许，使得在盟友遭到攻击的情况下日本可获取军事帮助。

The U.S. is most vulnerable to a Chinese attack because 43 percent of allsatellites in orbit belong to the U.S. military or U.S. companies, according toa Council on Foreign Relations report in May by Micah Zenko. Japan has four spysatellites in service, and a consortium of Japanese companies led by SkyPerfect Jsat Holdings (9412:JP) and NEC (6701:JP) is building two additional communicationsatellites that will transmit encrypted data. The U.S. has about 30 spysatellites in orbit.美国最更容易受到中国的反击，因为轨道上43%的卫星不是归属于美国军队就是归属于美国公司，外交关系委员会5月份的一份报告称之为。日本目前有四个间谍卫星在服役中，由日本卫星电视公司和日本电气公司领导的一个财团正在修建两个额外的通信卫星，将用作传输加密数据。美国在轨道上约有30个间谍卫星。

Both countries have sunk billions of dollars into a sophisticated missiledefense system that relies in part on data from U.S. spy satellites. Thats whystrategists working for China’s Peoples Liberation Army have publishednumerous articles in defense journals about the strategic value of chippingaway at U.S. domination in space. How many missile defense tests haveAmericans carried out?says Yue Gang, a retired PLA colonel who worked on ASATtechnologies. China has only conducted a couple of tests, and that’s enough tomake them unable to sit still.两个国家都投放了巨额资金创建自己的导弹防御系统，而导弹防御系统部分依赖美国间谍卫星所传输的数据。所以解放军的战略学者才在防御杂志上大大特别强调巩固美国空间主导权的重要性。“美国早已展开了多少次的导弹防卫测试？”一名除役的解放军上校岳刚说，他之前专门从事的就是反卫星武器方面的工作。“中国只展开了几次测试，而这就不足以让他们坐不住了。

”Weeden says the U.S. is exploring otherways to mitigate the perceived threat from China, including dispatching a fleetof smaller, mobile satellites that would be harder for adversaries to find anddestroy. Enabling satellite transmitters to quickly hop between frequenciescould address the Chinese jamming threat, Gatling says.维顿说道，美国正在找寻其他方式来应付中国有可能的威胁，还包括升空更加小型的移动卫星，令其输掉更加无法察觉到和毁坏。Lance Gatling指出，让卫星发射机在频率之间较慢冲刺，这也能解决问题中国对卫星的阻碍威胁。

In June the U.S. Air Force awarded LockheedMartin (LMT) a $914 million contract to build a ground-based radar system thatwill track objects as small as a baseball, which could help identify asatellite attack as its happening. “Destroying someone’s satellite is an actof war,says Dave Baiocchi, an engineering professorat the Pardee RAND Graduate School. You need to know what’s going on upthere.6月份，美国空军彰显洛克希德马丁公司9亿1千4百万美元的合约修建一个地基雷达系统，借以跟踪棒球大小的物体。如此，在再次发生卫星攻击事件时就能展开证实。“毁坏别人的卫星就是战争不道德，”帕地兰德研究生院的工程教授Dave Baiocchi如是说。

“所以必须告诉太空上再次发生了什么事情。

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